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bookSection Bioactive Natural Products Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 67 Elsevier Ferreira-Vançato Yollanda C. S. Dantas Fábio M. L. Fleury Beatriz G. Atta-ur-Rahman Antifouling Antifouling coatings History of fouling prevention Legislation Natural and synthetic nanobiocides Toxicity Chapter 13 - Nanobiocides against marine biofouling Biofouling is the unwanted accumulation of organisms on artificial submerged surfaces such as ship hulls, floating platforms, and power plant cooling ducts that have caused major economic and environmental impacts. Attempts to combat fouling organisms have had a long documented history. Currently, the application of nanotechnology in antifouling studies is prominent. In this chapter, we present a brief history of the prevention of undesirable fouling, identify the most commonly used nanomaterials as antifouling, list the advantages of using nanocoatings, exemplify some examples of commercialized nanocoatings, and finally suggest a model for the development of antifouling materials by describing the steps to be taken from selecting possible antifouling materials to regulating and legalizing the final product. Thus, this literature review provides a comprehensive view of biofouling and how nanotechnology is being used in antifouling studies. January 1, 2021 463-514 en http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128194836000138 2020-08-26 11:44:46 ScienceDirect DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819483-6.00013-8